Un esguince de rodilla es la distensión o el desgarro de los ligamentos que sostienen la rodilla. Los ligamentos son fuertes bandas de tejido que conectan los huesos entre sí.
Ligamentos de la rodilla
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Los esguinces de rodilla pueden ser causados por:
Estos factores aumentan la probabilidad de desarrollar un esguince de rodilla. Informe al médico si presenta alguno de los siguientes factores de riesgo:
Los síntomas incluyen:
El médico le preguntará acerca de los síntomas y sobre cómo ocurrió la lesión. Examinará la rodilla para comprobar la estabilidad de la articulación y la intensidad del dolor. Las pruebas pueden incluir:
Los esguinces de rodilla se clasifican de acuerdo con su gravedad. Mientras más ligamentos estén afectados, más grave será la lesión.
Esguince de rodilla de grado 2
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El tratamiento incluye:
Para reducir el riesgo de sufrir un esguince de rodilla:
RESOURCES:
American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons
http://www.aaos.org
American Orthopaedic Society for Sports Medicine
http://www.sportsmed.org
CANADIAN RESOURCES:
Canadian Orthopaedic Association
http://www.coa-aco.org
Canadian Orthopaedic Foundation
http://www.canorth.org
References:
Knee Injury. Emedicine Consumer Journal. 2001 May 28.
Martin TJ. American Academy of Pediatrics: Technical report: knee brace use in the young athlete. Pediatrics. 2001;108:503-507.
Najibi S, Albright JP. The use of knee braces, part 1: prophylactic knee braces in contact sports. Am J Sports Med. 2005;33:602-611.
Petersen W, Braun C, Bock W, et al. A controlled prospective case control study of a prevention training program in female team handball players: the German experience. Arch Orthop Trauma Surg. 2005;125:614-621.
Renstrom P, IOC Medical Commission, International Federation of Sports Medicine. Sports Injuries: Basic Principles of Prevention and Care. Boston, MA: Blackwell Scientific Publications; 1993.
Sprains and strains: what's the difference? American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons website. Available at: http://orthoinfo.aaos.org/topic.cfm?topic=A00111 . Updated October 2007. Accessed July 22, 2008.
What are sprains and strains? National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases. National Institutes of Health (NIH) website. Available at: http://www.niams.nih.gov/Health_Info/Sprains_Strains/sprains_and_strains_ff.pdf . Published March 2008. Accessed July 22, 2008.
Last reviewed septiembre 2012 by Michael Woods, MD
Please be aware that this information is provided to supplement the care provided by your physician. It is neither intended nor implied to be a substitute for professional medical advice. CALL YOUR HEALTHCARE PROVIDER IMMEDIATELY IF YOU THINK YOU MAY HAVE A MEDICAL EMERGENCY. Always seek the advice of your physician or other qualified health provider prior to starting any new treatment or with any questions you may have regarding a medical condition.
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