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Sinus headache refers to head and facial pain associated with inflammation of the sinuses (called sinusitis). The sinuses are hollow cavities in the skull that have openings into the nose. Colds and allergies cause inflammation of the nasal passages and can lead to sinusitis. Sinus headache is a symptom of sinusitis.

Sinus Headache: Areas of Pain

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Allergies and viral upper respiratory infections increase nasal secretions and cause tissue lining the nasal passages to swell. This results in nasal congestion and stuffiness. The nasal passages become blocked and normal drainage cannot occur. Secretions that are trapped in the sinuses may become infected with bacteria or, rarely, fungus. The swollen tissue or infection may create pain and pressure.

A risk factor is something that increases your chance of getting a disease or condition. Risk factors for sinus headache include:

• Allergies
• Asthma
• Persistent cold or upper respiratory infection
• Ear infections
• Nasal polyps
• Tooth abscess or infection
• Enlarged tonsils or adenoids
• Nasal deformities, such as a deviated septum
• Cystic fibrosis
• Problems with immunity
• Prior sinus surgery
• Facial injuries that block sinus passages
• Traveling in an airplane if you have an upper respiratory infection
• Swimming in dirty water

Symptoms of sinus headache may include:

• Pain and tenderness behind the forehead, cheeks, and around the eyes and ears
• Pain in the upper teeth
• Pain ranging from mild to severe
• Pain that is more intense first thing in the morning
• Pain that may worsen when you bend over
• Headache occurring with other symptoms of sinusitis, including:
  • Nasal stuffiness and congestion
  • Thick nasal drainage
  • Postnasal drip
  • Fever
  • Fatigue
  • Stuffy ears
  • Sore throat
  • Cough
  • Puffiness around the eyes

The doctor will ask about your symptoms and medical history, and perform a physical exam. Your nasal secretions may be tested for allergies and infection.

If you suffer from chronic sinusitis, tests may include:

• CT scan—a type of x-ray that uses a computer to make pictures of structures inside the head
• Nasal endoscopy—uses a thin, lighted tube to look inside your nose and possibly take samples of drainage to be tested

Sinus headache treatment aims to:

• Open the nasal passages
• Treat any infection
• Allow sinus cavities to drain

Treatment may include:

The following strategies may reduce the risk of getting a sinus headache:

• Avoid exposure to anything that triggers allergy or sinus symptoms.
• Seek medical treatment for allergies.
• Wash your hands frequently to avoid colds.
• Seek treatment for a persistent cold before sinusitis sets in.
• Avoid alcoholic drinks. Alcohol can cause swelling of nasal and sinus tissues.
• Check with your doctor about using a decongestant before air travel.