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Chronic compartment syndrome (CCS) occurs when pressure builds up within the body’s muscle compartments. Compartments are made of sheets of connective tissue called fascia. These sheets are under the skin of the arms and legs. They wrap around groups of muscles, nerves, and blood vessels. When pressure builds up in the compartments, it disrupts or blocks blood flow to the muscles.

Unlike acute compartment syndrome, CCS is not an emergency. But you should see your doctor to get treatment.

Compartment Syndrome in Lower Leg

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CCS is most commonly caused by intense exercise.

Participating in endurance sports increases your chance of getting CSS. You are at greater risk if you participate in sports that involve running or jumping.

CSS can affect the lower leg. But, it can also affect the arms, hands, feet, and buttocks. If you have any of these symptoms, do not assume it is due to CCS. These symptoms may be caused by other conditions.

• Pain on both sides of the body, such as in both legs
• Severe pain during exercise that typically goes away an hour after stopping
• Fullness or tightness in the muscle
• Tender, aching muscles
• Muscle weakness
• Numbness, tingling
• In severe cases, foot drop—a foot slaps hard on the ground when running

Your doctor will ask about your symptoms and medical history. A physical exam will be done.

• You may have the pressure inside your compartments measured. This can be done with a slit catheter or tonometer.
• Your doctor may ask you to perform range-of-motion stretches to assess the damage.
• Your doctor may need to see pictures of your body structures. This can be done with:
  • MRI scan
  • CT scan

Talk with your doctor about the best treatment plan for you. Treatment options include the following:

To help reduce your chance of getting CCS, take the following steps:

• Avoid overexercising.
• Change your training routine.